Steel Structure Details

Steel Structure Details:
Metal Building Details show specific portfolio design specifications, most commonly used in the Warehouse, Workshop, Garage, and Aircraft Hangar building.

A steel building is a structure made mainly of steel, and is one of the main types of building structures. The characteristics of steel are high strength, light weight, excellent durability, and strong deformity. It is therefore particularly suited to large, very high and heavy buildings. A metal structure is a steel beam, steel column, stainless steel, and other components made of stainless steel and steel plate, and welds, bolts, or rivets connect to each component or part.
Details of the Steel Structure of the Hole Framework:
A lightweight portable frame is a single-story steel structure, with wooden planks and columns firmly attached. It has the advantages of a simple, lightweight structure, with all the factory-produced parts, easy to assemble on site.
Metal structure structure widely used in industrial, commercial, and agricultural buildings, such as steel warehouse, workshop building, storage, poultry building, and aerospace.

The portal frame can be divided into single-span (Figure a), double span (Figure b), multi-span (Figure c) cantilever metal frame (Figure d)) and a close-up metal frame (Figure e) ).
In a solid span-span frame, the connection between the column and the roof beam is usually dependent, with a solid multi-span single-slope roof (Figure f).
A solid multi-span frame consisting of a double sloping roof can be used (Figure g). The cross section of the frame column can be horizontal or vertical, and the base of the columns are leaning or tightly connected.

Length and Width of Steel Structure:
Generally, according to the principle that the long side is greater than the width, the amount of steel used in the solid frame can be reduced, and the support between the columns can be reduced, thus reducing the amount of steel used in the support. system.
Example 1: The size of a building is 60x50m, 60m should be used as a height and 50m as a width, i.e.: 60 (L) x50 (W), not 50 (L) x60 (W).

Column Range
The maximum cost column column under normal load is 7.5-9m. If it exceeds 9m, the metal use of the roof purlin and wall girt will increase significantly, and the total cost is not economical. Typical load here refers to 0.3KN / m2 for load on a live roof and 0.5KN / m2 for critical air pressure. If loading is very important, the economic column distance should decrease accordingly. As a workshop structure with more than 10 tons, the space for the financial column should be 6-7m.

When arranging column break, if an unequal column space is required, try to adjust the width column width to be smaller than the average length. This is because the air load at the end of the span is greater than the middle span. Besides, when using a continuous purlin design, the end-to-end curve and intermediate curve are always more noticeable than other spaces. Using small end spaces can make a roof purlin design simpler and more economical.
Example 1: Building height = 70m
Economic column range available: 1 @ 7 + 7 @ 8 + 1 @ 7 or 1 @ 8 + 6 @ 9 + 1 @ 8
Example 2: Building height = 130m, and 10 tons of crane
Economic column range is preferred: 1 @ 5.5 + 17 @ 7 + 1 @ 5.5 or 20 @ 6.5

Determination of logical span
The different production processes and utilization activities largely determine the length of the steel structure. Some homeowners need even steel frame manufacturers to determine the economic duration based on their useful properties. The rational span should be determined according to the height of the metal structure. Generally, when the column height and load are constant, the height increases accordingly. The increase in the use of steel for a solid frame is not noticeable, but it saves space, the cost of the foundation is low, and the wide benefits are many.
Using a large number of calculations, he finds that when the height of the eves is 6m, the column distance is 7.5m, and the load conditions are perfectly consistent, the use of steel for a solid frame (for Q345B steel) diameter between 18-30m 10-15kg / m2. The amount of metal used for solid frame units between 21-48m is 12-24kg / m2. If the length of the eve is 12m, and the width exceeds 48m, a solid frame with a multi-span (middle sway column) should be used. The frame saves more than 40%, so when designing a solid portfolio, you should choose a time-saving option according to specific needs, and you should not pursue a large space.

Steel Structure Details-Roof slope

The slope of the roof determines according to a number of factors including the structure of the roof, the length of the drainage slope, and the height of the columns. Generally, it is 1/10 ~ 1/30. Studies have shown that the various roof slopes have a significant impact on the amount of metal used in solid metal frames. The following is the result of the calculation and analysis of steel use under different roof slopes with a single span of 42m and eve height of 6m.

When the roof slope is 0.5:10, the frame weight is 3682 Kg while the roof slope is 1:10, the frame rate is 3466 Kg When the roof slope is 1.5:10, frame weight: 3328 Kg If the roof slope is 2:10:10, the frame rate is: 3240 Kg.

So in a single solid span frame, the best way to reduce the weight of a solid frame is to increase the slope of the roof. When the hill is large, the iron is reduced. However, the situation is different in a multi-span framework. A large slope will increase the amount of metal used on the frame. This is because a large hill will increase the length of the inner column.

When the width of the building is large, increasing the slope can reduce the deviation of the roof metal. By research and calculation, the most intrusive slope is: multiple span structures: 1:20 one span, span less than 45 m: 0.5: 10 single span, span less than 60m: 1.5: 10 single span, over 60 m in height: 2:10
The slope of the roof is also associated with whether the building has a parapet wall, and a large mound will lead to an increase in the cost of the parapet wall.

Details of Steel Structure-Eave Height

The length of the eave has a significant impact on costs, which are most evident in the following factors:

Increasing the height of the prefab metal structure will cause the wall to grow, the wall band to grow, and the amount of metal used for the columns to be higher.
If the steel column does not have lateral bracing (such as the middle column or side column without the brace), the effect of the height of the eve on the frame weight will be more noticeable; An increase in the length of the eave will result in an increase in air load on the frame. If the height / width of the structure is> 0.8, in order to control joint displacement, it is sometimes necessary to change the column foot from hinge to solid.
The following items determine the length:
Length requirements in the rest area;
If there is a mezzanine structure, the net height of the mezzanine and the height of the mezzanine beam;
The length of the crane beam and the crane hook where the crane is located.
Temperature category
According to the steel building code code, the maximum height does not exceed 300m, and the width does not exceed 150m. The first expansion joint divided by temperature can be set up with a double column system (Figure 2a) or a single column expansion joint with purlin plugs connected to the metal structure.
(A) the use of Bracing
In the longitudinal structure of a portal frame, a complete integration system must be planned to form the entire local building system. The lateral stability of the lightweight portal frame in the wide range is ensured by the rigidity of the frame to withstand the lateral load.

Due to the weak stiffness of the longitudinal structure in the direction of length, it is necessary to set the bracing in the longitudinal position to ensure its longitudinal stability. Bracing force especially longitudinal wind load, crane braking force, earthquake action, and heat action. When calculating the internal strength of foundations, joints are generally considered to have wheels, and the effect of eccentricity is negligible. The general support is considered according to the bean tie. Therefore, two-way planning is appropriate.
(B) Common types of integration
Figure 3-3 shows a typical roof measurement and wind-load system operating on a gable wall. Figure 3-4 shows the common types of support between the individual columns of the portal. Due to structural function and appearance requirements, or material layout, where the above foundations are not permitted to use, consider using a longitudinal structure. At this point, the bending stiffness of the weak column axis needs to be applied.
Stee Structure Detail-Basic principles of integration arrangements
Column bracing should be placed in the same position as the roof bracing. If it cannot be installed due to the opening of the door to the wall, column bracing can be set to the nearest location;
The distance between bracing should not exceed 5 spaces; 30 ~ 45m should be taken in the absence of a crane, and the distance should not exceed 60m in the presence of a crane;
Roof bracing requires a split between the ridge.